@InProceedings{AdebayoPime:2022:CoInRe,
               author = "Adebayo, Oluwasegun Micheal and Pimenta, Alexandre Alvares",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Comprehensive Investigation of the Relationship Between Equatorial 
                         Plasma Bubbles and Plasma Blobs Using Optical and Radio Techniques 
                         and Multi-Satellite Data",
                 year = "2022",
         organization = "International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy, 16.",
             keywords = "plasma bubbles, plasma blobs, occurrence patterns, all-sky 
                         imagers, multi-satellite.",
             abstract = "Plasma bubbles and plasma blobs are night-time consequences of 
                         F-region plasma instability. Irregularities behaviour of plasma in 
                         the ionosphere poses adverse effects on our 
                         technologically-inclined daily activities. In the full capacity of 
                         these phenomena, we could lose communications with satellite, 
                         aircraft to mention few. Hence, it is imperative for us to 
                         investigate these phenomena continuously. The relationships 
                         between the two phenomena have been a subject of research recently 
                         and debates still persist regarding whether both phenomena are 
                         independent or causally related. Earlier works were more or less 
                         of case studies while we present detailed occurrence 
                         characteristics of blobs and bubbles during high solar activity 
                         (HSA) and low solar activity (LSA) for the period of two years 
                         (one year for each solar activity). OI 630.0 nm emission images 
                         (about 3000 in total) from two similar all-sky imaging systems, 
                         digisonde and SWARM electron density, Ne, and electron 
                         temperature, Te, data have been used to investigate the 
                         relationship between plasma bubbles and plasma blobs. Monthly, 
                         seasonal, and nocturnal variations of bubbles and blobs are 
                         present in this work. During HSA, approximately 95% of plasma 
                         blobs observed were associated with plasma bubbles whereas every 
                         single blob observed during LSA were associated with bubbles 
                         (100%). However, not all the bubbles observed were associated with 
                         blobs. In other words, bubbles without blobs cases were observed. 
                         Correlation and regression analyses of the two phenomena revealed 
                         interesting causal relationship between bubbles and blobs. 
                         Approximated average visibility time of plasma blobs, based on its 
                         time of appearance and disappearance from the field of view, 
                         during HSA and LSA were 1.08 hr (approx. 65 mins) and 0.57 hr 
                         (approx. 34 mins), respectively. Whereas the average visibility 
                         time of plasma bubbles during HSA and LSA were 4.01 hr and 2.19 
                         hr, respectively. Plasma blobs occurrence frequency had its 
                         maximum at around midnight hours whereas plasma bubble has its 
                         occurrence maximum frequency at around post-sunset hours. From 
                         these concise results and the ones obtained from the literature, 
                         we have been able to propose two distinct mechanisms for the 
                         development of plasma blobs: (1) plasma blobs associated with 
                         plasma bubbles; and (2) plasma blobs not associated with plasma 
                         bubbles.",
  conference-location = "Kyoto, Japan",
      conference-year = "12-16 Sept. 2022",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "12 maio 2024"
}